Article credentials

Original Research

Entrepreneurial Skills and Competencies of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): Basis for the Development of an Entrepreneurial Training Program

Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal

ISSN Online: 3028-1334 | Print: 3028-1326

Volume 7 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 64 – 76

Glen L. Galvez1, ORCID No. 0009-0009-5969-1583

Sheena Mae B. Badal2, ORCID No. 0009-0006-6778-5297

Ma. Ruffa L. Palmares2, ORCID No. 0009-0002-7632-2420

1Instructor 3, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science & Technology, San Enrique, Iloilo, Philippines
2Master in Hospitality Management, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science & Technology, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 23 February 2026
First decision: 28 February 2026
Revision received: 13 April 2026
Accepted for publication: 18 April 2026
Online release: 22 April 2026

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Abstract

This study assessed the entrepreneurial skills and competencies of small and medium enterprise (SME) owners/managers in Passi City, Iloilo, and examined the relationships between their demographic and business profiles and entrepreneurial capabilities. Using a correlational research design, this study examined the relationship between entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial competencies of SME owners/managers. A total of 50 respondents were included in the study, selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, which measured demographic variables, entrepreneurial skills, and entrepreneurial competencies. Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe the respondents’ profile, as well as to assess their level of entrepreneurial skills and competencies. To determine the significant relationship between entrepreneurial skills and competencies, Pearson product-moment correlation was employed, provided that the assumptions for correlation analysis were met. Findings revealed that respondents generally demonstrated high to very high levels of entrepreneurial skills and competencies, with technical competency, opportunity recognition, and problem-solving skills rated highest. Age, educational attainment, and length of business operation were significantly positively correlated with both entrepreneurial skills and competencies, while sex and type of enterprise were not. Based on the findings, a comprehensive entrepreneurial training program was proposed to further enhance SME owners’ managerial, technical, financial, and marketing capabilities. The study highlights the importance of demographic and experiential factors in entrepreneurial development and provides empirical guidance for targeted capacity-building initiatives.

Keywords: small and medium enterprise (SME), entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial competencies, demographic profile, capacity building

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Galvez, G. L., Badal, S. M. B., & Palmares, M. R. L. (2026). Entrepreneurial skills and competencies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs): Basis for the development of an entrepreneurial training program. Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal, 7(1), 64–76. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.bf-baiij.7.1.SC-0226-030.

Author contributions

Glen L. Galvez: Conceptualization; Introduction; Methods 
Sheena Mae B. Badal: Data gathering; Statistical analysis; Results 
Ma. Ruffa L. Palmares: Discussion; References.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.

Data availability statement

All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI tools supported initial drafting of text; final revisions and accountability rest with the authors.

Acknowledgement

– (Not available).

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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