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Pedagogy Review
Volume 9 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 32 – 49
Atty. Michael F. Villalon, PhD, ORCID No. 0009 – 0004 – 2742 – 9218
Public Schools District Supervisor, Department of Education-Schools Division Office of Caloocan, Caloocan City, Philippines
Article History:
Initial submission: 09 September 2026
First decision: 13 September 2026
Revision received: 18 October 2026
Accepted for publication: 20 October 2026
Online release: 24 October 2026
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Child protection is a fundamental responsibility of schools, requiring not only the implementation of established policies but also adequate legal literacy among education personnel. This study examined the implementation of the Department of Education’s Child Protection Policy (CPP) and the legal literacy of teachers and school administrators in selected public secondary schools in Quezon City. It also investigated the relationship between CPP implementation and legal literacy. The study employed a descriptive-correlational research design. Participants consisted of 128 purposively selected respondents from ten public high schools in Congressional District 5, Schools Division Office of Quezon City, including 97 teachers and 31 school administrators. Data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire adapted from the Child Protection Policy implementation checklist. Frequency distributions, percentages, weighted means, and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that both teachers (M = 4.42) and administrators (M = 4.30) perceived CPP implementation as highly implemented. Legal literacy was also rated highly literate, with composite means of 4.22 for teachers and 4.36 for administrators. Legal terminologies and relevant laws obtained the highest ratings, while related penalties and the application of legal principles received comparatively lower ratings. Correlation analysis revealed significant positive relationships between CPP implementation and legal literacy among teachers (r = .713, p < .001), administrators (r = .508, p = .004), and the combined sample (r = .680, p < .001). The findings indicate that stronger perceived legal literacy is associated with stronger perceived implementation of the Child Protection Policy. While respondents demonstrated substantial awareness of child protection laws, variation in ratings suggests the need to strengthen the practical application of legal knowledge and case-handling procedures. Effective child protection depends not only on individual competence but also on organizational conditions that support policy implementation. The study highlights the interconnected nature of legal literacy and CPP implementation in promoting safe, rights-based, and responsive school environments.
Keywords: child protection policy, legal literacy, teachers, school administrators, policy implementation, public secondary schools.
APA (7th edition)
Villalon, M. F. (2026). Implementation of child protection policy and legal literacy among teachers and school administrators in selected public schools in Quezon City. Pedagogy Review, 9(1), 32-49. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.9.1.SC-1026-002.
Copyright © 2026. The Author/s. Published by VMC Analytiks Multidisciplinary Journal News Publishing Services. Implementation of Child Protection Policy and Legal Literacy Among Teachers and School Administrators in Selected Public Schools in Quezon City © 2026 by Michael F. Villalon is an open access article licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0). This permits the copying, redistribution, remixing, transforming, and building upon the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially, provided that appropriate credit is given to the copyright owner/s through proper and standard citation.
Michael F. Villalon: Conceptualization, investigation, methodology, resources, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, and writing—review and editing.
This research received no external funding.
The author declares that the research was conducted without commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the author’s institution. The author affirms that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.
All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.
AI tools supported initial drafting of text; final revisions and accountability rest with the author.
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The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.