PEDAGOGY REVIEW

An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies
ISSN (Electronic): 3028-1040 | ISSN (Print): 3028-1059

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Original Research

Teacher-Perceived Parental Involvement and Kindergarten Learners’ Language Development in Coastal Schools of Panganiban District, Philippines

Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies

ISSN (Electronic): 3028-1040 | ISSN (Print): 3028-1059

Volume 7 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 205 – 220

Judy Alfaro-Bernardo1 , ORCID No. 0009-0003-1387-0806

Pedrito Jose V. Bermudo2 , EdD, PhD, ORCID No. 0000-0002-5944-7128

Engr. Johnmar F. Cordial3 , PhD, ORCID No. 0000-0003-4151-1934

1Teacher III, Panay Community School, Panganiban District, Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines
2College of Business Administration Dean & Director for Research, Catanduanes Colleges, Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines
3Faculty Member, Catanduanes State University–Panganiban Campus, Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 28 November 2025
First decision: 30 November 2025
Revision received: 09 February 2026
Accepted for publication: 20 February 2026
Online release: 26 February 2026

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Abstract

Early language development is a critical foundation for later literacy, academic achievement, and socioemotional competence, yet disparities remain pronounced in geographically vulnerable communities. This study examined the relationship between teacher-perceived parental involvement and the language development of kindergarten learners in six (6) coastal schools in the Panganiban District during the 2024– 2025 academic year. Anchored in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, the study assessed parental involvement across home literacy activities, school-related support, and parent–teacher communication, alongside learners’ language competencies in vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and expressive skills. Employing a descriptive–correlational research design, data were collected using a validated researcher-developed questionnaire administered to 60 kindergarten learners, their parents, and teachers. Descriptive statistics, including weighted means, were used to determine levels of parental involvement, language development, and perceived challenges, while Pearson product–moment correlation analysis examined the relationship between the key variables. Results indicated a high level of parental involvement (overall WM = 3.49), particularly in school-based support and communication with teachers. Kindergarten learners demonstrated generally strong language development (overall WM = 3.16), with vocabulary and comprehension emerging as relative strengths. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate, positive, and statistically significant relationship between parental involvement and language development (r = 0.541, p < 0.05). Despite these positive outcomes, parents reported persistent challenges related to time constraints, limited literacy materials, and language barriers (overall WM = 3.08). The findings underscore the importance of context-responsive strategies that strengthen home literacy practices and sustain effective home–school collaboration to enhance early language outcomes in coastal communities.

Keywords: parental involvement, language development, early childhood education, coastal schools, home literacy practices, kindergarten learners, descriptive–correlational design

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Alfaro-Bernardo, J., Bermudo, P. J. V., & Cordial, J. F. (2026). Teacher-perceived parental involvement and kindergarten learners’ language development in coastal schools of Panganiban District, Philippines. Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies, 7(1), 205–220. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.7.1.SC-1125-039.

Author contributions

Judy Alfaro-Bernardo: Conceptualization, Data gathering, Introduction;
Pedrito Jose Bermudo: Conceptualization, Methods;
Johnmar Cordial: Statistical analysis,Results, Discussion, References.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.

Data availability statement

All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI-assisted language editing was performed using ChatGPT; authors reviewed and approved all content.

Acknowledgement

– (Not applicable).

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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