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Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies
Volume 7 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 144 – 127
1Teacher II, Quigaray Elementary School, Bagamanoc South District, Bagamanoc, Catanduanes, Philippines
2Faculty Member, Catanduanes State University–Panganiban Campus, Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines
3Faculty Member (Retired Professor II), Graduate School, Catanduanes Colleges, Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines
Article History:
Initial submission: 07 January 2026
First decision: 10 January 2026
Revision received: 20 January 2026
Accepted for publication: 08 February 2026
Online release: 12 February 2026
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Early language development is a critical foundation for later literacy, academic achievement, and socioemotional competence, yet disparities remain pronounced in geographically vulnerable communities. This study examined the relationship between teacher-perceived parental involvement and the language development of kindergarten learners in six (6) coastal schools in the Panganiban District during the 2024– 2025 academic year. Anchored in Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems Theory and Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory, the study assessed parental involvement across home literacy activities, school-related support, and parent–teacher communication, alongside learners’ language competencies in vocabulary, grammar, comprehension, and expressive skills. Employing a descriptive–correlational research design, data were collected using a validated researcher-developed questionnaire administered to 60 kindergarten learners, their parents, and teachers. Descriptive statistics, including weighted means, were used to determine levels of parental involvement, language development, and perceived challenges, while Pearson product–moment correlation analysis examined the relationship between the key variables. Results indicated a high level of parental involvement (overall WM = 3.49), particularly in school-based support and communication with teachers. Kindergarten learners demonstrated generally strong language development (overall WM = 3.16), with vocabulary and comprehension emerging as relative strengths. Correlation analysis revealed a moderate, positive, and statistically significant relationship between parental involvement and language development (r = 0.541, p < 0.05). Despite these positive outcomes, parents reported persistent challenges related to time constraints, limited literacy materials, and language barriers (overall WM = 3.08). The findings underscore the importance of context-responsive strategies that strengthen home literacy practices and sustain effective home–school collaboration to enhance early language outcomes in coastal communities.
Keywords: teacher competence, inclusive pedagogy, professional development, classroom adaptation, educational equity
APA (7th edition)
Tumampil, D. T., Cordial, J. F., & Tariman, Y. M. (2026). Competencies and instructional practices of mathematics teachers in differentiated instruction: A descriptive-comparative study in Bagamanoc Districts, Philippines. Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies, 7(1), 114–127. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.7.1.SC-0126-003
Dizza T. Tumampil – Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Writing-original draft, Resources
Johnmar F. Cordial – Writing-review and editing, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software
Yolanda M. Tariman – Visualization, Supervision, Investigation
This research received no external funding.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.
All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.
AI-assisted language editing was performed using ChatGPT; authors reviewed and approved all content.
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The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.