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Pedagogy Review
Volume 8 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 230 – 245
¹ Teacher I, Paraiso A Elementary School, Paraiso, San Miguel, Catanduanes, Philippines
² School Principal II, Baras Rural Development High School, Baras South District, Catanduanes, Philippines
³ Faculty Member, Catanduanes State University – Panganiban Campus, Catanduanes, Philippines
Article History:
Initial submission: 19 June 2026
First decision: 30 June 2026
Revision received: 18 July 2026
Accepted for publication: 01 August 2026
Online release: 12 August 2026
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Kindergarten education in the Division of Catanduanes, Philippines continues to face challenges in translating teacher preparedness into effective instructional delivery and classroom management within resource-constrained rural schools. Despite policies promoting developmentally appropriate practices, variations remain in teachers’ professional competence and instructional implementation. This study examined kindergarten teachers’ preparedness, teaching strategies, and classroom management practices. Specifically, it assessed preparedness in terms of professional knowledge, readiness, and participation in professional development; teaching strategies in terms of learner-centered, hands-on and play-based activities, and use of instructional materials; and classroom management practices in terms of promoting positive behavior, maintaining order, and creating supportive learning environments. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed involving 92 kindergarten teachers selected through stratified random sampling. Results showed that teachers were generally prepared (M = 3.13), implemented teaching strategies to a very great extent (M = 3.31), and demonstrated a very great extent of classroom management practices (M = 3.48). Readiness emerged as the highest-rated preparedness dimension, whereas professional knowledge received the lowest rating. Similarly, learner-centered strategies obtained the highest rating among teaching strategies, while the use of instructional materials ranked lowest. Correlation analysis further indicated that teacher preparedness had a significant but weak positive relationship with classroom management (r = 0.186, p = 0.042), whereas no significant relationships were found between preparedness and teaching strategies, and between teaching strategies and classroom management. The findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers’ professional knowledge through targeted professional development. More importantly, the study provides localized empirical evidence from rural Philippine kindergarten classrooms, contributing to the limited body of research on how teacher preparedness supports effective classroom management in early childhood education.
Keywords: kindergarten education, teacher preparedness, teaching strategies, classroom management, descriptive-correlational, Philippines
APA (7th edition)
Baloloy, M. O., Torreja, J. S. T., & Cordial, J. F. (2026). Levels of preparedness, extent of teaching strategies, and classroom management practices of kindergarten teachers in Catanduanes, Philippines. Pedagogy Review, 8(1), 230–245. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.8.1.SC-0626-010.
Copyright @ 2026. The Author/s. Published by VMC Analytiks Multidisciplinary Journal News Publishing Services. Levels of Preparedness, Extent of Teaching Strategies, and Classroom Management Practices of Kindergarten Teachers in Catanduanes, Philippines © 2026 by Maria O. Baloloy, Juan Sto. Tomas Torreja and Johnmar F. Cordial is an open access article licensed under Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0). This permits the copying, redistribution, remixing, transforming, and building upon the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially, provided that appropriate credit is given to the copyright owner/s through proper and standard citation.
Maria O. Baloloy: Conceptualization, Data curation, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Writing – original draft
Juan Sto. Tomas Torreja: Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Visualization
Johnmar F. Cordial: Methodology, Software, and Writing – review & editing.
This research received no external funding.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.
All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript.
AI-assisted language editing was performed using ChatGPT; authors reviewed and approved all content.
– (Not available).
The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.