Article credentials

Literature Review

Enhancing Leadership Competencies in Law Enforcement: A Systematic Literature Review of the Public Safety Junior Leadership Course and the ADDIE Model

Social Science Lens

ISSN Online: 3028-1997 | Print: 3028-1962

Volume 8 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 57 – 71

Ivanne M . Lumain, ORCID No. 0009- 0009- 2552- 164X

Doctor of Philosophy in Development Research Administration, University of Southeastern Philippines, Davao City, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 25 December 2024
First decision: 30 December 2024
Revision received: 18 May 2026
Accepted for publication: 03 June 2026
Online release: 09 June 2026

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Abstract

Effective frontline leadership within the Philippine National Police (PNP), particularly among Police Staff Sergeants (PSSg), constitutes a critical determinant of ethical decision-making, community trust, and public safety outcomes. Despite this, empirical evidence explicating how structured training programs cultivate these competencies remains conspicuously limited. This systematic literature review evaluated the effectiveness of the Public Safety Junior Leadership Course (PSJLC) and interrogated the role of the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model in facilitating leadership development among PSSg officers. A comprehensive search of Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted for English-language, peer-reviewed empirical studies published from 2015 onward, using keyword combinations related to the ADDIE model and law enforcement leadership. Following PRISMA guidelines, 34 empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. The findings illuminate that pre-test and post-test evaluations effectively capture gains in leadership skills (Villa & Jarque, 2024; Pastrana, 2024), while the ADDIE model furnishes a structured yet adaptive framework that enhances training relevance and outcomes (Nwizu et et al., 2022). Key emergent themes include leadership development, training effectiveness, community impact, and context-specific implementation challenges. The PSJLC yields a positive contribution to accountable and ethical leadership among PSSg officers, thereby advancing Sustainable Development Goal 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Methodological limitations include the exclusion of pre-2015 studies and heterogeneity in pre- and post-testing applications across contexts. The review concludes with data-driven recommendations to strengthen the PSJLC and to advocate for national police leadership training standards.

Keywords: ADDIE model; law enforcement leadership; Police Staff Sergeant; PSJLC; systematic literature review; training effectiveness

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Lumain, I. M. (2026). Enhancing leadership competencies in law enforcement: A systematic literature review of the Public Safety Junior Leadership Course and the ADDIE model. Social Science Lens, 8(1), 57–71. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.ssl-wjhdsr.8.1.SC-1224-042.

Author contributions

The author independently conceptualized the study, designed the methodology, collected and analyzed the data, interpreted the findings, and prepared the manuscript for publication.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

Ethics approval was not required as this study involved no human or animal subjects and relied solely on publicly available data.

Data availability statement

No new data were generated or analyzed in this study; all information is contained within the published article.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI- assisted language editing was performed using DeepSeek and ChatGPT; the autho r reviewed and approved all content and take full responsibility for the final work.

Acknowledgement

– (not available).

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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