Article credentials

Original Research

Leadership Style and Work Motivation: Their Relationship to Organizational Commitment of Contract-of-Service Instructors in a Philippine State University

Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal

ISSN Online: 3028-1334 | Print: 3028-1326

Volume 8 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 29 – 46

Eden Marie C. Magallones 1, ORCID No. 0009 - 0003- 4731- 0487

Christel Eve J. Maquiling 1, ORCID No. 0009 - 0000- 65190- 4705

Charlene C. Omas-as 1, ORCID No. 0009 - 0006- 6773- 5222

Regine Louisse Pagas 1, ORCID No. 0009 - 0007- 1747- 9408

Allyssa G. Castronuevo 2, ORCID No. 0009 - 0003- 7957- 4604

Jolina B. Andaleon 2, ORCID No. 0009 - 0003- 9621- 9751

Hazelyn H. Dela Cruz 2, ORCID No. 0000 - 0003- 1363- 7417

Joseph S. Callanta 3, ORCID No. 0000 - 0001- 5807 - 0851

1Bachelor of Science in Psychology , Cavite State University – Silang Campus , Indang, Cavite, Philippines
2Faculty, Department of Arts & Sciences, Cavite State University – Silang Campus , Indang, Cavite, Philippines
3Chairperson, Department of Arts & Sciences, Cavite State University – Silang Campus , Indang, Cavite, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 01 November 2025
First decision: 08 November 2025
Revision received: 18 April 2026
Accepted for publication: 25 April 2026
Online release: 11 May 2026

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Abstract

Faculty members in higher education are expected to excel in teaching, research, and professional development, thus, requiring effective leadership, motivation, and organizational commitment. Most newly hired employees seek regularization to secure stable employment and benefits that allow them to remain with the company long – term. However, contract – of-service employees are excluded from these opportunities, highlighting a significant and concerning disparity. In the Philippines’ local universities and coll eges (LUCs), many educators work under contract – of-service (COS) arrangements characterized by short – term contracts and defined roles. This study employed a quantitative correlational design to examine the relationships among the variables. Data were colle cted from 300 contract – of-service instructors across all Cavite State University campuses using standardized instruments: the Vannsimpco Leadership Survey for leadership style, the Work Motivation and Satisfaction Questionnaire for work motivation, and the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire for organizational commitment. Results indicated that autocratic –transformational leadership was the most dominant leadership style perceived by the participants. Moreover, participants reported moderate work motiva tion and slightly high organizational commitment levels. Furthermore, a weak but statistically significant positive relationship was identified between organizational commitment and various leadership styles, including autocratic – transactional, democratic – transformational, democratic – transactional, transformational, and laissez – faire. Additionally, work motivation showed a weak negative significant relationship with factors like work content, promotion, and recognition but a weak positive significant relati onship with general aspects. Importantly, leadership style did not predict organizational commitment, but work motivation did. These findings suggest that improving work motivation could enhance organizational commitment. Campus administrators and higher – ups are encouraged to use these insights to strengthen faculty commitment. Future studies should involve a broader participant pool, include other state universities, and refine variable correlations to produce more comprehensive findings.

Keywords: leadership style, work motivation, organizational commitment, contract-of-service instructors, state universities

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Castronuevo, A. G., Andaleon, J. B., Dela Cruz, H. H., Callanta, J. S., Magallones, E. M. C., Maquiling, C. E. J., Omas-as, C. C., & Pagas, R. L. (2026). Leadership style and work motivation: Their relationship to organizational commitment of contract-of-service instructors in a Philippine state university. Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal, 8(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.bf-baiij.8.1.SC-1025-015.

Author contributions

Allyssa Castronuevo: Conceptualization, Writing -revision
Eden Marie Magallones: Conceptualization, Introduction
Christa Leve Maquiling: Conceptualization, Related literature
Regina Louisse Pagas: Data collection
Charlene S. Omas – as: Results analysis
Jolina Andaleon : Finalization
Joseph Callanta : Conceptualization, Approval of final version
Hazelyn Dela Cruz : Ethics, References

Funding

This study was partially funded through alumni support of Cavite State University – Silang Campus.

Conflict of interest

Though the institution partially funded the study, the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

Ethical approv al was sought from Cavite State University – Silang Campus prior to data collection.

Data availability statement

All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI- assisted language editing was used for the final revision of the manuscript. All content was reviewed and approved by the authors.

Acknowledgement

The authors sincerely appreciate the support of Cavite State University in making this undertaking possible.

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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