PEDAGOGY REVIEW

An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies
ISSN (Electronic): 3028-1040 | ISSN (Print): 3028-1059

Open access

Article credentials

Original Research

Integration of Career Planning in Entrepreneurship Education: Basis for a Career Development Program

Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies

ISSN (Electronic): 3028-1040 | ISSN (Print): 3028-1059

Volume 7 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 251 – 268

Sun Lifeng

Doctor of Education Major in Educational Management, National University, M.F. Jhocson St., Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 08 February 2026
First decision: 15 February 2026
Revision received: 05 March 2026
Accepted for publication: 08 March 2026
Online release: 11 March 2026

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Abstract

This study examined the integration of career planning into entrepreneurship education as a foundation for a career development program at Shandong Vocational College of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. Employing a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, data were collected from 8 teachers and 390 students through surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Quantitative findings revealed that integration enhanced entrepreneurial interest (WM = 4.33) and outcome expectations (WM = 4.30), though self-efficacy remained comparatively lower (WM = 4.11). Qualitative results highlighted barriers such as over-reliance on theoretical instruction, limited mentorship opportunities, and unrealistic success expectations. These challenges underscored the need for experiential, practice-oriented approaches. The study proposed the “Pathways to Purpose” program, which emphasizes project-based learning, industry mentorship, and digital tool utilization to strengthen entrepreneurial confidence and align educational outcomes with labor market demands. The integration of career planning demonstrated significant potential to foster entrepreneurial readiness by enhancing motivation, clarifying career trajectories, and cultivating resilience. Findings suggest that embedding career planning within entrepreneurship curricula can bridge the gap between academic instruction and realworld application, thereby equipping students with the psychological, social, and technical resources necessary for sustainable career development. The proposed program offers a replicable framework for vocational institutions seeking to balance theoretical knowledge with practical competencies in entrepreneurship education.

Keywords: career planning, entrepreneurship education, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, entrepreneurial interest, vocational education, social cognitive career theory

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Sun, L. (2026). Integration of career planning in entrepreneurship education: Basis for a career development program. Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies, 7(1), 251–268. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.7.1.SC-0226-011

Author contributions

– (Not Applicable).

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

No ethics approval was obtained for this study.

Data availability statement

All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI-assisted language editing was performed using Copilot for the journal-formatted version; authors reviewed approved all content.

Acknowledgement

– (Not available).

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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