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Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies
Volume 7 | Issue 1 | 2026 | 192 – 204
1Teacher III, Bayhan Community School, Panganiban District, Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines
2Faculty Member, Catanduanes State University–Panganiban Campus, Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines
3College of Business Administration Dean & Director for Research, Catanduanes Colleges, Virac, Catanduanes, Philippines
Article History:
Initial submission: 29 December 2025
First decision: 03 January 2026
Revision received: 29 January 2026
Accepted for publication: 18 February 2026
Online release: 24 February 2026
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In the municipality of Panganiban, Catanduanes, Philippines, the Alternative Learning System (ALS) serves as a critical mechanism for addressing persistent educational exclusion among out-of-school youth and adults, yet its effectiveness remains closely tied to the quality of stakeholder participation within a resource- constrained, island context. This study examined the levels of stakeholder engagement, stakeholder collaboration, and ALS program effectiveness, as well as the relationships among these constructs. Using a descriptive–correlational design, data were collected from internal and external ALS stakeholders and analyzed through weighted means and Pearson product–moment correlation. Findings indicate high levels of stakeholder engagement (WM = 3.51), collaboration (WM = 3.46), and overall program effectiveness (WM = 3.57). Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between stakeholder engagement and collaboration (r = 0.649), and between stakeholder engagement and program effectiveness (r = 0.459), while collaboration alone showed no significant association with effectiveness (r = 0.141). These results highlight stakeholder engagement as a key lever for strengthening ALS outcomes and underscore the need for engagement-centered strategies in local ALS implementation.
Keywords: Alternative Learning System (ALS), stakeholder engagement, stakeholder collaboration, program effectiveness, learner outcomes, Panganiban, Catanduanes
APA (7th edition)
Santos-Obogne, G., Cordial, J. F., & Bermudo, P. J. V. (2026). From participation to outcomes: Stakeholder engagement and collaboration in ALS implementation in Panganiban, Catanduanes. Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies, 7(1), 192–204. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.7.1.SC-1125-020
Gemmalyn Santos-Obogne: Conceptualization, Data gathering,Introduction, Writing-original draft;
Johnmar F. Cordial: Introduction, Methods, Statistical analysis, Results, Discussion;
Pedrito V. Bermudo: Conceptualization, Discussion.
This research received no external funding.
The authors declare that the research was conducted without commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.
All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.
AI-assisted language editing was performed using ChatGPT; authors reviewed approved all content.
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The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.