BUSINESS FORA

Business and Allied Industries International Journal
ISSN Online: 3028-1334 | Print: 3028-1326

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Original Research

Impact of Micromanagement on Workplace Efficiency and Employee Development

Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal

ISSN Online: 3028-1334 | Print: 3028-1326

Volume 6 | Issue 2 | 2026 | 1 – 18

Giv D. Guelos1, ORCID No. 0009-0008-8566-2412

Brian P. Focbit2, ORCID No. 0009-0006-7871-2595

Warren John E. Oronan3, ORCID No. 0009-0006-9024-5440

1MHM Candidate, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo, Philippines
2Instructor 1, CHM, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo, Philippines
3Instructor 1, CHM, Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology, Barotac Nuevo, Iloilo, Philippines

Article History:

Initial submission: 18 November 2025
First decision: 24 November 2025
Revision received: 23 December 2025
Accepted for publication: 30 December 2025
Online release: 14 January 2026

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Abstract

This experimental study investigated the sensory acceptability of a sandwich spread developed from Talisay (Terminalia catappa) seeds. The study aimed to evaluate the product in terms of appearance, aroma, flavor, texture, spreadability, and overall acceptability. A total of 150 student panelists from Iloilo State University of Fisheries Science and Technology were selected through stratified random sampling, thereby ensuring representative participation across three distinct colleges. The panelists assessed the sandwich spread using a modified 5-point hedonic scale, and data were analyzed using mean scores and the Kruskal–Wallis test to determine differences among sensory attributes. Results indicated that all sensory attributes were rated as “Highly Acceptable,” with mean scores ranging from 4.12 to 4.24. Aroma received the highest score, while flavor obtained the lowest, though still within the highly acceptable range. The Kruskal–Wallis analysis revealed no statistically significant differences across the sensory attributes (p > 0.05), suggesting consistent and favorable evaluations across all criteria. The findings demonstrate that Talisay seeds are a viable ingredient for developing a nutritionally promising and culturally relevant sandwich spread. This study highlights the potential of utilizing underutilized indigenous plant resources in food innovation, promoting sustainability, and providing an alternative, locally sourced spread for consumers.

Keywords: Talisay seed, sandwich spread, sensory evaluation, food innovation, indigenous plant resources

Cite this article

APA (7th edition)

Guelos, G. D., Focbit, B. P., & Oronan, W. J. E. (2026). Impact of micromanagement on workplace efficiency and employee development. Business Fora: Business and Allied Industries International Journal, 6(2), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.bf-baiij.6.2.SC-1125-027.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true)

Author contributions

– (Not applicable).

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

Institutional ethics review statement

This study involved human respondents; however, formal ethical approval was not sought from the authors’ institution. The authors affirm that participation was voluntary, informed consent was obtained, and confidentiality of responses was strictly maintained. No procedures were undertaken that posed risk or harm to the participants.

Data availability statement

All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the manuscript and its supplementary materials.

Declaration of generative AI use/assistance

AI-assisted language editing was performed; authors reviewed and approved all content.

Acknowledgement

– (Not available).

Publisher’s disclaimer

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher. The publisher disclaims any responsibility for errors or omissions.

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